The war in Darfur, Sudan, began in 2003. Decades of drought and desertification made land and water resources scare, creating strife between the non-Arab Muslim farming communities of Darfur and Arab Muslim nomadic tribes seeking water and land for their livestock. Resentment of the Arab-dominated government support for the nomads led two non-Arab rebel groups to conduct a series of raids in 2003, killing several hundred government troops. The government reaction, ferocious, genocidal, marked the beginning of what continues today, mounting aerial attacks and unleashing a ground force in the form of the Arab militia known as the Janjaweed, with the intent to systematically eliminate the non-Arab Muslim population in Darfur. Despite a massive international advocacy movement and the issuance by the ICC of an arrest warrant for Sudanese president Al-Bashir, mass murders, rape, and the razing of villages continue today; more than 250,000 civilians have been killed, and 2.5 million displaced, and the conflict has spread across Sudan’s borders into Chad and the Central African Republic.